Under Leon Botstein's guidance, Bard College's innovative programs are challenging the well-endowed educational giants much in the same way that Apple/Mac's innovations are challenging and changing the Microsoft/Windows world. Since his arrival at Bard in 1975, Botstein has introduced many academic innovations, such as collaborations with Rockefeller University and the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies to bolster the teaching of science, the Learning and Thinking Program for matriculating students and The Bard Conservatory of Music.